Western Canadian Animal Health Network Information Library

Infographics, reports, and other western Canadian animal health surveillance information

WeCAHN Information Library

Following is a library of documents (reports, infographics, and scientific papers) describing the work of animal health surveillance projects and programs in western Canada, as well as nationally and internationally. Users may search the library using the terms listed in the right-hand column. If you would like your work added to the library, please contact us.

Understanding avian influenza mortality

Drake provides his perspective on "[t]hree theories that could explain why the North American H5N1 epidemic has not been more deadly" in humans.

  1. "The molecular hypothesis posits...
    • Bovine,
    • Human,
    • Mammalian (Non-domestic, other),
    • Poultry
    • Influenza
    • Virus,
    • Zoonosis
    • One Time
    • Commercial, large-scale,
    • Smallholding,
    • Hobby/Pet,
    • Freeliving
    • International
    Science
Avian influenza spillover into poultry: environmental influences and biosecurity protections
Dec/01/2025

"Highlights:

  • Integrated case-control and spatial data to assess biosecurity efficacy in context of local risk.
  • Human-mediated transmission pathways contribute to avian...
    • Avian (Domestic, Non-poultry),
    • Avian (Non-domestic),
    • Poultry
    • Influenza
    • Virus,
    • Zoonosis
    • One Time
    • Commercial, large-scale,
    • Smallholding,
    • Hobby/Pet,
    • Freeliving
    • United States,
    • International
    One Health
Update on H5N1 Panzootic: Infected Mammal Species Increase by Almost 50% in Just Over a Year
Plaza and Lambertucci (2025) wrote a letter to the editor: "We found that between March 2024 and July 2025, 24 new species were recorded as infected, representing almost a 50% increase in the number...
  • Bovine,
  • Dog,
  • Mammalian (Non-domestic, other),
  • Mink
  • Influenza
  • Virus,
  • Zoonosis
  • One Time
  • Commercial, large-scale,
  • Smallholding,
  • Freeliving,
  • Other
  • International
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
Emerging threats of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in swine: knowledge gaps and the imperative for a One Health approach
"This review addresses the knowledge gaps related to HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b infections in pigs. Assessing the risks of HPAI H5N1 in pigs and the consequences for cross-species transmission is...
  • Avian (Non-domestic),
  • Bovine,
  • Mammalian (Non-domestic, other),
  • Swine
  • Influenza
  • Virus,
  • Zoonosis
  • One Time
  • Commercial, large-scale,
  • Smallholding,
  • Hobby/Pet
  • United States
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses in the United States from March 2024 to May 2025
Rolfes et al. (2025) summarized the human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) in the US. They concluded "Occupational exposure to infected animals was a risk factor for HPAI...
  • Human
  • Influenza
  • Virus
  • One Time
  • Smallholding,
  • Unknown
  • United States
Nature Medicine
Updated joint FAO/WHO/WOAH public health assessment of recent influenza A(H5) virus events in animals and people
The FAO-WHO-WOAH released a joint public health assessment of influenza A(H5) virus events; the global public health risk is low, while the risk for occupationally...
  • Avian (Non-domestic),
  • Bovine,
  • Cat,
  • Dog,
  • Human,
  • Mammalian (Domestic, other),
  • Mammalian (Non-domestic, other),
  • Poultry,
  • Sheep and Goats,
  • Swine
  • Influenza
  • Virus,
  • Zoonosis
  • One Time
  • Commercial, large-scale,
  • Smallholding,
  • Hobby/Pet,
  • Freeliving,
  • Captive
  • International
FAO-WHO-WOAH assessment
Three things we can do now to reduce the risk of avian influenza spillovers
Yeth et al. 2025 wrote, "Concern grows daily over the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) across the globe. We call for three measures to radically lower the risk of a new influenza...
  • Avian (Non-domestic),
  • Bovine,
  • Cat,
  • Human,
  • Mammalian (Non-domestic, other),
  • Poultry,
  • Swine
  • Influenza
  • Virus,
  • Zoonosis
  • One Time
  • Commercial, large-scale,
  • Smallholding,
  • Hobby/Pet,
  • Freeliving,
  • Captive
  • United States,
  • International
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)
WeCAHN poultry network PRODUCER report Q1 2025
Aug/13/2025

What's new with WeCAHN poultry network Q1 2025:  Erysipelas outbreak in layer flock housed in previous broiler breeder barn;  Newcastle disease in pigeons in BC, updates on Highly...

  • Avian (Domestic, Non-poultry),
  • Poultry
  • Avian Infectious bonchitis,
  • Erysipelas,
  • Influenza,
  • Marek's disease,
  • Newcastle disease virus,
  • Reovirus,
  • Salmonella
  • Bacteria,
  • Virus
  • Quarterly
  • Western Canadian Animal Health Network (WeCAHN)
  • Commercial, large-scale,
  • Smallholding,
  • Hobby/Pet
  • Alberta,
  • British Columbia,
  • Manitoba,
  • Saskatchewan
WeCAHN poultry network PRODUCER summary Q1 2025
Aug/13/2025

WeCAHN poultry network Q1 2025: Erysipelas outbreak in layer hens housed in a prior broiler breeder barn; Newcastle disease in pigeons in BC; updates on Highly Pathogenic Avian...

  • Avian (Domestic, Non-poultry),
  • Poultry
  • Avian Infectious bonchitis,
  • Erysipelas,
  • Influenza,
  • Newcastle disease virus,
  • Reovirus,
  • Salmonella
  • Bacteria,
  • Virus
  • Quarterly
  • Western Canadian Animal Health Network (WeCAHN)
  • Commercial, large-scale,
  • Smallholding,
  • Hobby/Pet
  • Alberta,
  • British Columbia,
  • Manitoba,
  • Saskatchewan
WeCAHN Year 2 Summary of Activities
A summary of beef, dairy, poultry, and small ruminant network activities in Year 2, and a look ahead to Year 3....
  • Bovine,
  • Poultry,
  • Sheep and Goats
  • Bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis),
  • Cache Valley virus,
  • Foot and mouth disease,
  • Infectious laryngotracheitis,
  • Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease),
  • Salmonella Dublin
  • Bacteria,
  • Other,
  • Virus,
  • Zoonosis
  • Annually
  • Western Canadian Animal Health Network (WeCAHN)
  • Commercial, large-scale,
  • Smallholding,
  • Freeliving
  • Alberta,
  • British Columbia,
  • Manitoba,
  • Nova Scotia,
  • International
Filters
Covid - (0/1)
  • Covid
Feedlot - (0/2)
  • BRD
  • Feedlot AMU_AMR
avian metapneumovirus - (0/1)
  • Avian metapneumovirus
Beef Cow-calf Vaccine Materials - (0/2)
  • Common Beef Diseases
  • Core vaccines
  • Risk-based Vaccines
Recent cases - (0/7)
  • Bovine Congestive Heart Failure
  • Bovine Foot Lameness 2023
  • Neonatal beef calf liver disease 2022
  • Pneumonia in western Canadian cows
  • Q fever
  • Salmonella in calves
  • Streptococcus plurianimalium
Network Reports - (0/9)
  • WeCAHN Animal Health Diagnostics
  • WeCAHN Annual Reports
  • WeCAHN Beef Network Reports
  • WeCAHN Dairy Network Reports
  • WeCAHN Equine Network Reports
  • WeCAHN Listserv Case Reports
  • WeCAHN Poultry Network Reports
  • WeCAHN Small Ruminants Network
  • WeCAHN Smallholder Network Reports
Dairy - (0/1)
  • Dairy
Emerging issues - (0/1)
  • Emerging issues
WeCAHN Knowledge Transfer (KT) - (0/5)
  • Annual reports
  • Case reports
  • Factsheets
  • Infographics
  • What's new
Avian influenza - (0/4)
  • Guidance for Livestock Workers
  • PRIMARY RESEARCH_SCIENTIFIC_REPORTS_Avian influenza in mammals
  • PRIMARY RESEARCH_SCIENTIFIC_REPORTS_H5N1 Research
  • PRIMARY RESEARCH_SCIENTIFIC_REPORTS_H5N5 Research
Animal Type - (0/23)
  • Amphibian/Reptile
  • Avian (Domestic, Non-poultry)
  • Avian (Non-domestic)
  • Bat
  • Bison
  • Bovine
  • Camelid
  • Cat
  • Cervid
  • Crustacean
  • Dog
  • Equine
  • Finfish
  • Honeybee
  • Human
  • Insect (Non-honeybee)
  • Mammalian (Domestic, other)
  • Mammalian (Non-domestic, other)
  • Mink
  • Mollusc
  • N/A
  • Other
  • Poultry
  • Rabbit
  • Sheep and Goats
  • Swine
Disease Agent - (0/134)
  • Abalone viral mortality (Abalone herpes-like virus)
  • Acarine disease (Acarapis woodi, tracheal mite)
  • Actinomyces
  • Acute bee paralysis virus
  • Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (Vibrio parahaemolyticus)
  • Adenovirus
  • African horse sickness
  • African swine fever
  • Aino virus
  • Akabane virus
  • Aleutian disease virus (Mink plasmacytosis)
  • American foulbrood (Paenibacillus)
  • Anaplasmosis
  • Anthrax
  • Apis cerana (Eastern honey bee or Asian honey bee)
  • Apis mellifera capensis (Cape bee)
  • Apis mellifera scutellata (African honey bee)
  • Apis vilutina (Asian predatory wasp)
  • Arboviruses
  • Arenaviruses
  • Asian bee mites (Tropilaelaps clareae)
  • Aspergillus
  • Atrophic rhinitis
  • Avian chlamydiosis
  • Avian encephalomyelitis
  • Avian Infectious bonchitis
  • Avian leukosis
  • Avian mycoplasmosis
  • Avian salmonellosis
  • Avian spirochaetosis
  • Avian tuberculosis
  • Babesiosis
  • Bacterial Kidney Disease (Renibacterium salmoninarum)
  • Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
  • Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans
  • Baylisascaris
  • Besnoitiosis
  • Black queen cell virus
  • Blackleg (Clostridium chauvoei)
  • Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis)
  • Bluetongue
  • Bonamia exitiosa
  • Bonamia ostreae
  • Bonamia roughleyi
  • Borna disease virus (Mammalian)
  • Borrelia
  • Botulism (Clostridium botulinum)
  • Bovine babesiosis (Babesia bovis)
  • Bovine cysticercosis (Taenia saginata)
  • Bovine ephemeral fever virus
  • Bovine genital campylabacteriosis (vibriosis)
  • Bovine herpesvirus
  • Bovine leukemia virus
  • Bovine malignant catarrhal fever (gammaherpesviruses)
  • Bovine petechial fever (Ehrlichia ondin)
  • Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
  • Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
  • Bovine trichomoniasis (Tritrichomonas foetus)
  • Bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis)
  • Bovine viral diarrhea virus
  • Brachyspira
  • Brown ring disease (Vibrio tapetis)
  • Brucella
  • Brucellosis (Brucella abortus)
  • Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis)
  • Brucellosis (Brucella suis)
  • Bunyaviruses
  • Cache Valley virus
  • Campylobacter
  • Caprine arthritis-encephalitis
  • Caseous lymphadenitis (Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis)
  • Ceratomyxosis (Ceratomyxa shasta)
  • Chalkbrood (Ascosphaera apis)
  • Chicken proventricular necrosis virus
  • Chlamydia
  • Chronic wasting disease
  • Circovirus
  • Classical swine fever
  • Clostridium
  • Coccidiosis
  • Contagious agalactia
  • Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides)
  • Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (Mycoplasma capricolum)
  • Contagious equine metritis
  • Contagious ophthalmia
  • Contagious pustular dermatitis (Contagious ecthyma, Sore mouth, Orf)
  • Coronavirus
  • Corynebacterium
  • Coxiella
  • Crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astace)
  • Cryptococcosis
  • Cryptosporidiosis
  • Cysticercosis (Cysticercus spp.)
  • Cysticercosis (Taenia solium)
  • Deformed wing virus
  • Dermatophilosis
  • Dirofilaria
  • Distemper
  • Distomatosis (liver fluke)
  • Dourine (Trypanosoma equiperdum)
  • Duck hepatitis
  • Duck viral enteritis
  • E. coli
  • Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
  • Echinococcus
  • Egg drop syndrome (Fowl adenovirus)
  • Enteric red mouth disease (Yersinia ruckeri)
  • Enterococcus
  • Enterotoxaemia
  • Enterovirus encephalomyelitis (Teschen disease)
  • Environmental contaminant
  • Enzootic abortion of ewes (Chlamydophila abortus, ovine chlamydiosis)
  • Enzootic bovine leukosis (Bovine leukaemia virus)
  • Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus
  • Epizootic haemorrhagic disease
  • Epizootic lymphangitis (Histoplasma farciminosum)
  • Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (Aphanomyces invadans)
  • Equine arteritis virus
  • Equine coital exanthema
  • Equine encephalitis
  • Equine herpes virus
  • Equine infectious anemia
  • Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi or Theileria equi)
  • Erysipelas
  • European foulbrood (Melissococcus pluton)
  • Filariasis
  • Filovirus
  • Foot and mouth disease
  • Foot rot (Fusobacterium necrophorum)
  • Fowl cholera (Pasteurella multocida)
  • Fowl pox
  • Fowl typhoid (Salmonella gallinarum)
  • Furunculosis (Aeromonas salmonicida)
  • Gallibacterium
  • Giant Asian hornet (Vespa mandarinia)
  • Giardiasis
  • Glanders
  • Goose parvovirus (Derzsy’s disease)
  • Greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella)
  • Gryrodactylus
  • Hantavirus
  • Haplosporidium
  • Heartwater (Cowdriosis, Ehrlichia ruminantium)
  • Hemorrhagic septicemia
  • Hendra virus
  • Herpes virus of cervididae
  • Herpesvirus
  • Histophilus
  • Histoplasmosis
  • Horse mange (Psoroptes equi)
  • Ibaraki disease
  • Inclusion body hepatitis
  • Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus
  • Infectious bronchitis
  • Infectious bursal disease
  • Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro)
  • Infectious coryza
  • Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus
  • Infectious hematopoietic necrosis
  • Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus
  • Infectious laryngotracheitis
  • Infectious myonecrosis virus
  • Infectious pancreatic necrosis
  • Infectious salmon anaemia
  • Influenza
  • Influenza, equine
  • Intestinal salmonellosis infections
  • Israel acute paralysis virus
  • Ixodes scapularis
  • Japanese encephalitis
  • Kashmir bee virus
  • Koi herpesvirus
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Leptospirosis
  • Lesser wax moth (Achroia grisella)
  • Listeria
  • Listeriosis (Listeria monocytogenes)
  • Louping ill
  • Lumpy skin disease
  • Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
  • Maedi-Visna (ovine progressive pneumonia)
  • Malignant catarrhal fever (Gammaherpesvirus)
  • Mannheimia
  • Marek's disease
  • Marteilia refringens
  • Marteilia sydneyi
  • Marteiliodes chungmuensis
  • Melioidosis (Pseudoglanders, Burkholderia pseudomallei)
  • Mikrocytos mackini
  • MSX disease (Haplosporidium nelson)
  • Mycobacterium
  • Mycoplasma
  • Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Avian mycoplasmosis)
  • Mycoplasma pneumonia of sheep or goats (Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae)
  • Mycoplasma synovaie
  • Myxomatosis
  • N/A
  • Nairobi sheep disease virus
  • Nairovirus (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus)
  • Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (Hepatobacter penaei)
  • Neorickettsia
  • Newcastle disease virus
  • Nipah virus
  • Nosematosis of bees (Nosema apis)
  • Oncorhynchus masou virus
  • Ostreid herpes virus
  • Other
  • Outbreak or epidemiological change
  • Ovine epididymitis (Brucella ovis)
  • Ovine pulmonary ademonatosis
  • Parainfluenza
  • Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease)
  • Parelaphostrongylus
  • Pasteurella
  • Perkinsus marinus
  • Perkinsus olseni
  • Peste des petits ruminants
  • Plague (Yersina pestis)
  • Porcine epidemic diarrhea
  • Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
  • Potomac horse fever
  • Pseudomonas
  • Pseudorabies (Aujesky’s disease)
  • Pullorum disease (Salmonella pullorum)
  • Q fever (Coxiella burnettii)
  • QPX (Quahog parasite unknown, Cold water disease)
  • Rabbit haemorrhagic disease
  • Rabies
  • Ranavirus
  • Red sea bream iridoviral disease
  • Reovirus
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rinderpest virus
  • Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsii)
  • Rotavirus
  • Sacbrood disease virus
  • Salmonella
  • Salmonella abortus equi
  • Salmonella abortus ovis
  • Salmonella choleraesuis
  • Salmonella Dublin
  • Salmonella Enteritidis
  • Salmonella Heidelberg
  • Salmonella typhimurium
  • Salmonid alphavirus
  • Sapelovirus
  • Scrapie
  • Screwworm
  • Seaside organism (Haplosporidium costale)
  • Senecavirus A
  • Sheep and goat pox
  • Sheep mange (scab)
  • Small hive beetle (Aethina tumida)
  • Spring viremia of carp
  • Staphylococcus
  • Strangles (Streptococcus equi)
  • Streptococcosis iniae
  • Streptococcus
  • Swine delta coronavirus
  • Swine dysentery (Brachyspira hampsonili)
  • Swine dysentery (Brachyspira hyodysenteriae)
  • Swine erysipelas
  • Swine vesicular disease
  • Taura syndrome virus
  • Theileriasis
  • Tick-borne fever (Anaplasma (Cytoecetes) phagocytophilia)
  • Tissue worm (Elaphostrongylus cervi)
  • Toxoplasma
  • Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE coronavirus)
  • Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (not CWD, BSE or Scrapie)
  • Trichinella
  • Trueperella
  • Trypanosomiasis
  • Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
  • Turkey viral hepatitis
  • Turkey viral rhinotracheitis
  • Ulcerative lymphangitis (Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis)
  • Unknown
  • Varroa mite
  • Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
  • Vesicular stomatitis
  • Vibrionic dysentery
  • Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia
  • Warble infestation
  • Wesselsbron’s disease
  • West nile virus
  • Western equine encephalomyelitis
  • Whirling disease (Myxobolus cerebralis)
  • White nose syndrome
  • White spot syndrome virus
  • White sturgeon iridoviral disease
  • White tail disease
  • Withering syndrome of abalone (Xenohaliotis californiensis)
  • Yellow head virus
  • Yersiniosis
Organization - (0/30)
  • Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)
  • Alberta Agriculture and Forestry (AAF)
  • Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development (AARD)
  • Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP)
  • Alberta Government
  • Alberta Veterinary Surveillance Network (AVSN)
  • Animal Health Canada
  • Animal Health Canada Working Group (AHC-WG)
  • Atlantic Veterinary College (AVC)
  • BC Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC)
  • BC Community Bat Program
  • BC Government
  • BC Integrated Surveillance of Foodborne Pathogens (BCIFSP)
  • Canada West Swine Health Information Network (CWSHIN)
  • Canadian Animal Health Surveillance System (CAHSS)
  • Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (CARSS)
  • Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network (C3SN)
  • Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)
  • Canadian Intergrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS)
  • Canadian Swine Health Intelligence Network (CSHIN)
  • Canadian Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA)
  • Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (CWHC)
  • Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS)
  • Cedar Coast Field Station
  • Community for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases (CEZD)
  • Council of the Chief Veterinary Officers (CCVO)
  • Équipe québécoise de contrôle des maladies avicoles (EQCMA)
  • Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO)
  • FoodNet
  • Manitoba Government
  • N/A
  • National Farmed Animal Health and Welfare Council (NFAHWC)
  • New Brunswick Government
  • Newfoundland and Labrador Government
  • Northwest Territory Government
  • Nova Scotia Government
  • Nunavut Government
  • Ontario Animal Health Network (OAHN)
  • Ontario Government
  • Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA)
  • Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (OMNRF)
  • Ontario Veterinary College (OVC)
  • Ontario Veterinary Medical Association (OVMA)
  • Prairie Diagnostic Services (PDS)
  • Prince Edward Island Government
  • Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)
  • Quebec Government
  • Quebec Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
  • Quebec Réseau d'alerte et d'information zoosanitaire (RAIZO)
  • Saskatchewan Government
  • Saskatchewan Stock Growers Association (SSGA)
  • United States Government
  • University of Alberta
  • University of Calgary
  • Veterinary Epidemiology and Surveillance Network (VSEN)
  • Western Canadian Animal Health Network (WeCAHN)
  • Western College of Veterinary Medicine (WCVM)
  • Yukon Government
Production System - (1/8)
  • Captive
  • Commercial, large-scale
  • Freeliving
  • Hobby/Pet
  • N/A
  • Other
  • Smallholding
  • Unknown
Media Type - (0/13)
  • Abstract
  • Article/ infographic
  • Case Study
  • Figure
  • Manual
  • Map
  • Memo
  • Minutes
  • N/A
  • Newsletter
  • Other
  • Podcast
  • Presentation
  • Report
  • Scientific publication
  • Table
  • Unknown
  • Veterinary Advisory
  • Video
  • Webinar
  • Website
  • Workshop
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